History of Islam Sciences(Al-Biruni)

Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni

Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad Biruni Muslim scholar was born in a suburb of the capital Cath Khorezm (Uzbekistan) in September about a year (326 AH, 973 CE, he moved to Gorgan at the age of 25 about 388 e 962 AD where he joined the tiles Sultan Qaboos bin Abu Hassan and Shams Excellencies, first deployed there It was written by the lingering effects of centuries of free and when he returned to his right to a footnote Prince Abu'l Abbas Ma'mun ibn Ma'mun Khorezm Shah entrusted him with some political functions because of his tongue and fluent in the fall of the Emirate, however Bin Mahmoud Saboktakin Governor Aznpaam 407 e wrought with a range of scholars to his court and the dissemination of its author's second major achievement (What of India accepted the argument in the mind) other authors also wrote two major (law Masoudi) and (Explanation of the early mining industry) died in 440 AH, 1048) and called orientalists naming Ptolemy Arabs.

Scientific Contributions

Recognizes the contribution of Al-Biruni in the various sciences, the pinpoint longitude and latitude, and discussed the question of whether the earth revolves on its axis or not, and discuss the specific weight, density and accurately as 18 species of precious stones and metals, and concluded that the speed of light is greater than the speed of sound, as he explained how the natural springs and artesian wells on the principle of hydrostatic.

Al-Biruni was the brightest scholar of his time in mathematics also recognizes that, "Smith" in the first part of his book "History of Mathematics". And besides that dabble in astronomy, and discuss the world and the provisions of the stars, develop a method to extract the amount of the Earth known to Western scholars as the "base-Biruni"; described the phenomena of the aurora and eclipse of the sun and other natural phenomena, referring to the side of the earth's rotation on its axis. Also was familiar with the knowledge of trigonometry, one of those who discussed the tripartite division of the angle.

The most important books

• What of India accepted the argument in the mind (by Dr. Edward Sgu University of Berlin)
• Absorption in the internal pressure the ball
• Reasoning to transmit the meanings of the illusion systems
• The public to know the essences

Al-Biruni in this book explain the gems and precious metals and stones, is one of the first to develop the specific weight of some metals and precious stones, said that many of the precious gems in the color look-alikes. The description of precious stones such as pearl, sapphire, emerald, diamonds, turquoise, agate, coral and Aljst (quartz) and other precious stones. It was also metals such as mercury, gold, silver, copper, iron and lead

• Book extract strings from the department, the properties of the curved line

Most of his books have been translated into French, German, and English, and published in the nineteenth and twentieth