History of Islam Sciences(Buno Musa)

Banu Musa

Mohammed and Ahmed (Abu Jaafar), al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir, athletes and astronomers and practitioners tricks (mechanics), brothers Iranians, they lived in the ninth century AD, contact caliphate safe and excelled in the sciences, attracted around scientists, doctors and translators many.

• Abu Jaafar Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shaker (before 803 to 873) has excelled in astronomy, engineering, geography and physics.
• Ahmed bin Musa bin Shakir (803 to 873) has excelled in engineering and mechanics.
• Al-Hasan ibn Musa ibn Shakir (810 to 873) has excelled in engineering and geography.

Life of Benu Moses and taught them

 His father Musa bin Shakir mines and in the service of Al-Maamon, when he became close connection with him and documented him Al-Maamon advised him before his death, his children, Ahmed and Mohamed Hassan, Recommended them Al-maamon to an astronomical in the House of Wisdom, Yahya ibn Abi Mansur, who taught mathematics, astronomy and science tricks (mechanics), Excelled Mohammed and Hassan - which informed them died 873 AD - in the first two (mathematics and astronomy), and excelled in the latter Ahmed (mechanics).

 Banu Musa collect huge sums of money, and pulled around them, scientists, doctors, translators, many of them Honin ibn Ishaq, Thabit ibn Kora, and did not hoard something on science, and they Travel many of the Byzantine state to get on the books, and set up in the lavish palace in Baghdad observatory full and complete, and they had at the time of Al-Maamon tremendous influence, they are to be assigned projects astronomical, mechanical, translating books, and in turn commissioned by the them by.

Business

 Having examined the Banu Musa in the centers of gravity, and identified ways to use the body weight of the laptop, any point that balance then the weight of the body and the cradle. And created a different method of dividing the angle into three equal sections, and the formation of elliptical shape two pin users and a string length equal to twice the length of the distance between the two pin and the Registry is moving at the end of the string stretched, as well as select the Banu Musa and scientists the House of Wisdom in Baghdad degree meridian (the circumference of the earth) was much higher precision, and chosen for this purpose a piece of flat in Sinjar desert, and Registered high Arctic at the point of their choice, and then hit the wedge, and they tied a long rope and marched northward until they reached a place of increased high pole height, the first degree is complete, they smite a new wedge, then measured the distance between the two wedges, and found that one-degree offset by a distance of 66 miles and two-thirds, and repeated this process in the south and found the same thing. In this way, unique set circumference of the earth slightly less than the amount it Aratostin in Alexandria 230 BC. Or about 24 thousand miles, and identified a tendency zodiac about 23 degrees and 35 seconds, and appreciated the initiative of the equinox and fifty four seconds, a little more than the truth.

Their books and their marks

 It is almost impossible to separate the work of the Banu Musa separately, or on the work of their assistant’s scientists who have worked with them. Perhaps the most important successors translations of Archimedes is a book (on the measurement of flat and round shapes), translated by Gerardo of Cremona into Latin in the 12 century AD under the name (sayings of the Banu Shaker), and examined the most prominent leaders of the European renaissance such as Roger Bacon, and they, too (book tricks), sometimes called (tricks Banu Musa), which recently moved into English, this book is one of the first books written in Arabic in the science of tricks or mechanics, and with about a hundred in the installation of various mechanical means, and also have the book (in the centers of weightlifting), and (in the book scales gold), and (A book in the corner to the apportionment of the three sections), and (A book in an area of acre).